The ISO Model
Physial Layer:
Example – Network Hub
Example – Repeater
Link Layer:
Example – Network Switch
Example – Network Bridge
Example – Modem
Example – Ethernet
Example – Ethernet Frame
Also Token Ring (802.5), Token Bus (802.4), Wireless (802.11)
Network Layer:
Example – Router
Example – Gateway
IP Addresses Live here: RFC 791
ICMP: RFC 792
Transport Layer:
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): RFC 768
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): RFC 793
Session Layer: Not used
Presentation Layer: Not used
Application Layer:
DNS (Port UDP 53) – Wikipedia
Email (Ports TCP 25 110/996 143/993) – Wikipedia
Web Server (Ports TCP 80/443) – Wikipedia
FTP (Ports TCP 21/20) – Wikipedia
SSH (Port TCP 22) – Wikipedia
NFS (Ports TCP/UDP 111, 1110, 2049, 4045) – Wikipedia
NTP (Port UDP 123) – Wikipedia